When we speak of the foundations of movement, we must necessarily refer us to the Mechanical Factors of Movement (FMM); because in them those properties reside that are part of the optimization of the work or task to take into account in the application of each technique.

Considering the principles already mentioned previously, and to which the ergonomics is applied, with the purpose of making the techniques more efficient of the Judo.

Of the ther side, the work in Judo for its better reference, study, and analysis, also subdivides the dynamic aspect of the bio-mechanic process, in:

ACTIVITY - FUNCTION - TASK - TECHNIC - METHOD - MOVEMENT - ELEMENTS OF THE MOVEMENT

Since we already did with (FMW), we now study the Mechanical Factors of Movement (FMM), so that we pruned to reach of them one better efficiency of yield in our Judo:

a) Action - Reaction: it is the factor that determines that in all movement there is a reaction and action effect, subject to determined direction and force load.

b) Adaptability: it is the capacity to adopt changing and stable positions, movements, and states, based on the combat conditions.

c) Automatization: it is the attribute about which the movements in Judo must reach an optimization level so that the gestures, attitudes and techniques must appear by conditional effect of reflections, to the point that the decisions get to be involuntary and automatic.

d) Advance - Backward movement: it is the directional mobility of the sustenance base to move the balance of the body in the combat.

e) Race - Crossed: it is the space or distance that crosses the body at certain speed, and towards certain direction; be when one moves on earth or when it is sent in the air.

f) Contraction - Expansion: it is the capacity of the body to accumulate, to expand energy, or to defend themselves, or to attack; adopting certain positions to contract or to expand the body and its members to generate or to explode force.

g) Body or Mass: it is the physical concept by which judoka makes intelligent use of the body like counterbalance, or handle or strong point to imbalance, to block, to neutralize, to elude, and to counterattack with effectiveness. A body or mass, occupies space and creates resistance of displacement by so large his body and weight.

It is necessary to overcome that endurance; applying to speed, shortening distances, interrupting the step, promising to be, or surprising the rival. Tori must remove advantage from the characteristics of its morphology; and to learn to observe the morphologic disadvantages of the rival.

Judokas must study their movements of the body in each Waza, to perfect them in terms of skill, saving of energy, intelligent force, and suitable method.

h) Economizing - Efficiency: these are factors also of high importance in the Judo, are many ways to win; but the best way is with saving of energy and effectiveness of performance.

i) Elements of the Movement: it is the decomposition of a movement in his simpler elements, to analyze his effectiveness of yield. For example, a Tai otoshi can be disturbed in three sections: the entrance, the connection or contact, and it sends or it forces explosive.

In each section the work of hands is disturbed, of the body, the legs, the head.

j) Stability: the movements in a technique must be had with balance and coordination in the body that attacks, and with balance and stability in the body that is defended.

k) Force, Centripetal, Centrifugal, Inertia: it is the Intelligently applied force, there is certain force that to use, but of controlled and effective way; and in possible, that never replaces the talent or art, and the method.

Centripetal force is the vector generated in the own rotational axis of Tori. Centrifugal force, is the vector generated by Uke to the sent being, and who dismisses it outside the rotational field of Tori.

Force of inertia is the composition of weight, it forces, and speed of the body, that follows a continuity in its race.

l) Inclination, Turn, Rotation: the movements require certain plasticity in their route or way, that occurs in the inclination or archness of the body, and that accompanies by the direction and sense of the head; so as of the turn and rotation of the body in degrees of 45, 90, 180, 360 degrees.

m) Tug - Push: in many passages of the imbalance, this one is obtained pushing or hauling, so that the rival yields, or modifies its position of the body and its bases.

n) Handle: the Judo is a discipline of takes hold, imbalance, and of handle; the handle is applied in the intelligent use of the body like counterbalance, or handle to imbalance, to raise, to neutralize and to counterattack with effectiveness.

As exists several types of handle: by traction; by tug; by rise; by push, inclination. For example, in Seoi nage, the handle will be given by the perpendicular inclined traction of the trunk of Tori downwards, and his it takes hold of hands that the effect assures handle.

o) Strong-point: being understood that the handle must have a complement for its mechanics to move a body, and this one is the strong-point of the handle, which must be located in some effective point for the rise of the body.

A handle needs a strong-point to move the mass, that in Judo can be in rest or movement; and as well, to be located in means or the ends of the body that for of strong-point.

For example in Seoi Nage, the strong point will be in the hip of Tori and the place of contact in Uke, that could be its thigh or femoral zone.

p) Endurance: it is that force of opposition, it is a resistance to win, in weight, mass or body; it is the friction and force that must be surpassed to modify the position of a body.

q) Traction: it is the action to haul in regulated, progressive form; for example to take the lapel to the height of the neck and to exert a progressive traction towards one of its sides of uke until making fall it. The traction movement can become in any direction, and form of tug or push.

r) Speed - Agility: it is certain whole range in certain time; it is the speed that is applied, to shorten distances, to close the step, to promise to be, or to surprise the rival, with agility and quickly. The speed of beginning or starting, and course is taken into account or travels in the movement of waza.

Of this one way they are described to the foundations the mechanical foundations of the movements; so like its importance in the composition of a modern conception of the Theory of the Judo. But good it is to indicate the importance that has knowing the movements a technique deeply.

Because if the athlete of the Judo looks for greater productivity of his work, he has then that to know each element his movements; so that these reach masters, perfection, economy, simplicity. Only that way it can arrive at that goal of high productivity.

You can be very well applying for example Te guruma, with great speed, almost at the opportune moment, but she feels simultaneously that she is making much force; the question is that you must make a study of movements with your trainer, get a camcorder to film its movements.

Write them on paper, order them in phases of:

a) Approach or entrance
b) Contact and
c) Execution.

And in that analysis it observes unnecessary movements or unproductive it is making. How many dead times or of delay it has each one of his hands and their legs, to the delay of which the other finishes its action.

And it discusses in addition each movement to the head, each hand, each leg, the torso independently. And of all the body as a whole. Be writing down, as if it described a procedure of movements.

Now, by means of a rational analysis and of simplification, in which the plasticity, the flexibility, and imbalance is present; look for which is the way or forms simpler short, and of smaller effort than it can follow in reaching the efficiency in that technique.

The work of analysis repeat for each phase: Approach or Entrance, sees here if you use combinations, tricks, feints, you promise to be, or its access only direct and is very warned.

That, must correct it, remembers that in the strategy of the attack, you have who to put decoys so that their rival is surprised and loses their balance, because that is the idea, that it loses the balance.

In the phase of contact, it analyzes as it makes the contact or connection, observes his axis of rotation of his body, the angles, the distances; see as it moves the torso and the head.

Observe as it uses and it moves the wrists and their hands, if they work in simultaneous or only one of them works. Also work his reactions and options in case of being blocked or of being neutralized, having by hand a pair of resources whereupon to leave windy the blockade against his attack at least.

The technique that I call of routing or redirecting, tries to perfect it; that means, that when there is a blockade of by means, is necessary to think not about forcing the action by the brute force; but rather, to change its action, its direction. That is its resource underneath the sleeve.

Study much Renraku waza and Kaeshi waza with his coach. Finally, the phase of execution, is to say the explosion of its accumulated energy, for the conclusion of its technique or sends.

You must learn to concentrate centripetal force, to contract energy soon to expand it methodically. Because his rival when turning in winch his, generates force centrifugal until she falls or she completes the race that follows its body or mass.

The competitor of Judo and his coach or teacher, although are different functions, must work in a unit of objectives; and particularly, the trainer must be an analyst of the productivity. of form so, that he can tune or diagnose those movements that must be simplified or be improved.

Author: Professor Néstor Figueroa
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