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THE TRAINING PROCESS
Author: Professor Néstor Figueroa |
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Memory the overwhelmed face of Nakamura in the end of the championship Makuhari de Japon of the 95, when in a negligence lost before the aggressive Quellmaltz; the imperturbable expression of security of Koga; the excellent technique of the Savón girl; the experience of the Restoux; the amazing tranquillity of Ryoko Tamura, that it has most extraordinary, fine, and efficient attack of the world.
And in the world-wide one of Birmingham 99, the expression of the talented and classic Yoshida when obtaining its victory, and the overwhelmed eyes of its assistant of corner; the sudoroso but almost inexpressive face of Shinohara; the emotion of the Inoue young person; in short, the faces draw, and express the content of the core, but that such sweats of the effort.
In seconds, the months and years of sacrifice and work are defined inverted or spent in the preparation of an athlete, to on approval put them in thing of minutes, and just to know in what we were mistaken, or in what we were well. That is the world of the work of training and competicion of the Judo; for that reason, always I have thought, that the victories gain in the training.
There is judokas that sacrifices much training, that is talented, but loses, does not see a progress in its races; because the fact to participate every year in competitions, and to accumulate experiences, necessarily does not mean qualitative progress in the race.
The experience can be quantitative, cumulative, but simultaneously it can be routine, stable, when in the methodologic scene there is no innovacíón, or avenues that take to an increase of the abilities and resources, and to the growth of perfomance are not aperturan.
Experience must to be rather decisive, determinative, effective, creative, in sense that provides resources that they give solutions, that defines in seconds the scene of the competition, which they allow to capitalize the errors, to create reserves that lead to the improvement of the attack through the perfected application of a technique.
Particularly, I do not believe that the training models must become general or be always standardized; rather, I think that there is to design a model of work for each athlete, according to its capacity, resources, characteristics, rivals, and matches; of course there are certain bases and cycles of training that are common for all, but from ahi, it is necessary to design a particular work according to each aptitude.
Many trainers of soccer have failures exactly, because they such use strategic schemes in all his equipment, or try to adapt to the player to the scheme; without taking into account the differences and potentialities from each human resource, and its performances like part of a group.
The methodology of training in Judo, that is, the preparation of an athlete of the Judo, must be maintained on the exposition of a philosophy, spirit, or policy of action; in which it is shaped all the considerations of which it is tried or it hoped to reach in terms of profits of the personal race of the athlete.
That is the vision of the trainer, to project and to adapt a work plan type tailor, according to the potentialities of his pupilo; forming it, doing pedagogía of the Judo through the training; the trainer is not only an identifier of situations, forjador of capacities, and planteador of solutions; he is more than that, must be an educational one, a teacher of pedagogy of the Judo. And that is the great dilemma that considers for the future of the methodology of the preparation in Judo: trainer or teacher, or a virtuous combination of both rolls.
Next, we are going to expose three avenues through which the methodology of the process of work (training) in the Judo is developed, as they are:
a) Intentions of the Process
b) Mechanisms of the Process
c) Yields of the Process
To gain matches, to gain medals, are not the direct intentions and essential I believe in the race of judoka, those are rather the results or the effects of certain taken goals affluent in the training process.
There are intermediate steps that are most important, for which is needed vision, strategy, virtuosity, methodology, perseverancia, discipline, order, and a great dose of motivation.
The intentions in a race entail to the formulation of certain objectives of medium breath, and the presence of periodic or cyclical cuantificables goals.
There is talented judokas that about fortuitous things, they did not reach the triumph in the championships, but its trajectory, is more commendable and testimonial, that the satisfaction and the ephemeral victory of a match.
For that reason, the objective of a race must be molded in the spirit of the development not by trophies, or medals, because that is the material part of the race; the development of a race is in the work of every day, in the reflective attitude despues of a match, in the improvement of the capacities; because finally the true triumph is in the personnel, in the intimate thing of the attributes of the person, in the development of the individual socially through the suitable practice of a sport.
The goals must be attainable in measurable facts, not in suppositions or especualciones attempts, a goal is a reality, that is based on the capacity and potentialities of the individual and the surroundings in which it will be developed in a time section; for that reason the goal must entail a policy of firmness and flexibility to adapt to changing situations, without reducing fulfillment of her.
Let us remember that at the competitive international scene they only arrive around 50 judokas in each end of match, those, are the best competitors of the world in its respective categorias; and although all do not campeonen, to arrive ahi, are a very great merit, already are a goal obtained in the race.
A goal can be to obtain a third place in a competitición, but if it is arrived between the five first from end of the match, that means the necessity to reprogramar variable for a new attempt, but also it says that there was a small slant that does not reduce greater importance to the commendable work developed for that specific goal.
The goals would be turned into dreams and aspirations in case their mechanisms of accomplishment were not the suitable ones.
These mechanisms are the events and the sequences that the work of training throughout certain period will follow; it is in fact the nucleus or marrow that will make develop to the capacities and abilities of the athlete of the Judo.
We know like cycles or periodización the training, and are basicos, especificos cycles, and of maintenance.
A work cronogram, and cursograma of the training process reflected each detail of this project, in which the variables of the following capacities will be determined: Physicals and biomechanic capacities; Mental and psychic capacities, and strategic tactical capacities.
Usually the periodization is disturbed to adjustment adjustment of the process of training, and according to the circumstances and to each reality; our frame is single referential, habra that to fit it segun criteria and situations, asi we have:
LEVEL OF THE YEAR - CYCLE - PERIOD - STAGE - PHASE - EVENT - SESSION
It must be understood that each trainer has his styles or forms to organize and to handle his work, and possibly until its own nomenclatures; taking in consideration the sequences tambieen, I connect or connectors between each portion of time of the training; but in essence, the normatividad of a periodización plays within the frame that we have indicated like reference.
However, there are authors who make estructuramientos of the period of training in these terms:
MACROCICLES - MESOCICLES - MICROCICLES
Where the training sessions can be subdivided in main and complementary, and whose service loads are put under the intensity and volume of tareaje.
The methodologic process begins with a auscultamiento of the present yields of the athlete, his resources, their qualities, their talents, their abilities; soon to design the work program that will take it to reach certain potentialities waited for in terms of goals and profits. This it will be the resistance or development between the initiate and the finished thing in the work process.
This process will have this one sequence in the physical work as much as tactical and technical:
SESSION - ROUTINE - SERIES - REPETITIONS - PAUSES
This process in addition must be structured meticulously, in which it is hoped to reach, in its corrections, and by the way in the statistical registries and panels that later will serve as historical reference of the developed works.
As far as the general period, the physical variables that were evaluated and will develop are: resistance, power, speed, agility, flexibility, force; preparing metodos of evaluation, pursuit and registry of the advances. This is the stage of the basic or general cycle, in which the physical potentialities were developed preferential.
In the specific cycle the approaches of stimulation to the tactical work, technical, and strategist will be concentrated; in the factors of the Waza, like: angle, moment, direction, rotation, reaction, displacement, resistance, friction, force, speed; and in the factors of the movement, like: type, strongpoint of handle, traction, turn, inclination, and element of the movement. In good account all those elements of the biomechanics of the Judo.
Maintaining the level reached in the physical training, to the previous moment to the competitions. Aqui will be seen among other aspects, ademas of kuzushi, tsukuri, kake; the aspects relative to the strategy, the styles of the combat, resources and abilities, mental and emotional preparation, the factors of the combat, and the sicologico scene of the match.
The cycle of maintenance, is the stage in competition and post match, aqui will be made routines of work to conserve the athletic level of competition, giving special frame to the strategic aspect, and the factors of the scene; this is a stage of pursuit, analysis and reprogrammings of results and work essentially made.
After of a match is necessary to rest and to dexintoxicar itself; to reprogram, and to restore new goals, new processes, segun the rivals, the scene, new strategies, etc.
Strategic a tactical trainer of the Judo, asi like the physical preinn, if there were it; they must establish certain referential parameters or of perfomance of the athlete; the yield of an athlete must be measured, be evaluated, compared, and reprogramado, in the course of the entranamiento process, asi like in the competitions, and after these.
The goals design so much for the physical aspect, like for the technician, tactical, and strategist in the process of work of the athletes; Also considering the expectations of a suitable stability emotional, mental, and spiritual. It will agree to also design some record formats of control of all the work, like registry-control of advance of fisicos factors; registry-control of technical factors; registry-control of effectiveness of movements; registry of strategies of attack and defense; and some other complementary ones for the competition.
The registries and mechanisms of pursuit and control, are iran improving and adapting according to each reality and capacities of the athletes; but the fact is that they are necessary, to way to have an historical data of the life of athletic preparation.
All the matches have nonwinning winners and, but all the matches are not equal in their configurations and details. That will very consider the trainers. And the experience also says that the things must be simplified, to become more viable and understandable, because with minimum effort it is reached the Maximum effectiveness; that is the law of the effectiveness of perfomance and Judo as well.
