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THE SYSTEM OF ATTACK AND DEFENSE
Author: Professor Néstor Figueroa |
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The Judo is a discipline that allows through its methodical practice, to develop to certain physical capacities and certain values and attitudes in the person who the practice. For that reason, the Education is the foundation of the methodology of the learning and the improvement of the talents in the Judo.
The Judo without Pedagogy becomes actually sport of a discipline without scientific foundations that allow as well to mold the fisico, the mind, the emotions, the character and the temperament of the person; in order that this becomes a positive and productive element the society.
The process and quality of preparation of an athlete of the Judo are put under on approval as much in its methodologic quality, like in its personal aptitudes; through the confrontations of the Randori or the Shiai, it is to say in the competitive experiences, the matches.
But that quality of answer not only measures the physical-tactical-strategic development of the athlete in the discipline, and its intersocial adjustment; but in addition it evaluates, what as much of that called way (Do), it has known to internalizar in his life, and doing of his principles, a style of life for his personal development (Bushido).
The world of the competitions locks up great and important an attractiveness for the race of judoka; to compete is necessary, to not only put on approval the goals reached sport, as far as knowledge, experience, skills in the Judo; beside, because in the competitions one on approval learns and it puts a series of values and positives habits, such as perseverancia, confidence, respect, courtesy, modesty, cooperation, tenacity, battle spirit, order, to learn to win and to lose, self-esteem, discipline, diligence.
The competitions did not have to wake up and to foment the aggressiveness, the arrogance, the lack of unity; the matches rather, in the paper, must like intention promote the unit, the camaraderie, the friendship, integration, the interchange of experiences and methods, the brotherhood; to make good relations, to have good hosts; and to foment the practice of the Judo, like in addition to the qualification in its education, arbitration, training, etc.
The Shiai is not a experience that serves to boast itself of the victories, to mofar itself or to scorn to the adversaries; nor to be ashamed themselves or to depress themselves by the suffered defeats.
The competitions in their positive side, would have to serve to teach judoka; the value and the fragility of the victory, the weight and the assimilation of the defeat, the comradeship and the respect of the confrontation; as of reference for later adjustments in the preparation and the progress in the discipline.
It is good for understanding and for analyzing that they do not exist rival small, nor unbeatable, to all it is necessary to appreciate them by his qualities, and to respect them by his yields, of all is something to always learn.
People compete obvious to win, to satisfy personal aspirations and demands; but also the competition can be inclined to the negative aspect of the obsession, of the personal challenges, and that sometimes has like result the frustration, the bitterness. There are some who compete by simple spirit of aggressiveness, or to loosen the accumulated brutality.
There are some who also persecute objectives like: prestige for its club, region, or pais; or by desire to gain and to hoard medals; others by prestige, power, money, benefits, personal race. Others to perhaps be arbitros, judges, trainers, or leaders.
Also others will do it by recreational spirit, of personal joy, to learn, to integrate themselves to groups of similar affinities, to improve like person to traves of a as complete discipline as the Judo.
But in any case, the progress desire always will be an intention in common of the medical instructors of the Judo, and in that search, these three common purposes will be present that the person had to consider before going to the competitions:
a) To develop to a good perception and sensorial pick up of the reality during the combat.
b) To have a suitable knowledge, experience and resources to evaluate and to face that reality.
c) To have an energy, physical effort, and opportune reaction to respond to those demands.
To these common intentions we will add the necessity to have a suitable familiarization with the rules and norms of competition; it is necessary to know enough good the rules and customs use for the competitions.
2.1. Teory of the Defense
The chess is a good example of which it means the application of tactics and estratégias battle, asi as the wars also are an example of which it is due to do, and of which it is due to avoid to do in a confrontation. In Judo, we can take advantage of those theories to take them to the land of the Shiai.
In this biomechanics of the movements of the Judo, it must have a stability in the balance of each scene of the combat, based on the weight, stature, agility, base of feet, center of gravity, occlusion of angles, sensitivity in the hands and wrists, solidity in the low back, speed of reaction, identify moment and decomposition of forces, friction of the bodies, to apply forces centrifugal, centripetal, of inertia, and opposition.
2.2. Principles of the Defense
The defense is the art to avoid to be affected less possible by the action of the adversary, in the sense of the number of attempts of attack, and of the effects of those attacks. The instruments of a defense are:
a) Blockade
b) Esquivamiento
c) Resistance
d) Counter-attack
e) Distance
f) Speed of reaction
g) Adaptability
h) Resistance
2.3. Classes of Defense One says much that the best defense is the attack, and this aphorism could also be correct in many experiences. But the defense taking care of its varieties can see asi:
a) By its Consistency
- Open Defenses
- Closed Defenses
b) By its Style
- Lateral Defenses
- Front-line defense
c) By its Forms
- Defenses of Resistance and Force
- Defenses of Blockade and Neutralization
- Defenses of Guide and Counterattack
According to the principles of the Judo, to use the force and the push of the opposite to make lose it its balance, and that falls; the defense that better success offers is the one of blockades, avoiding, and neutralization; because it is in them exactly who better can be applied to these principles, using the force and the weight of the adversary.
That is to say, disturbing to the force of its attack, changing to him the sense of its direction, and redirecting that lost force, which acts as well, like desequilibrador element (Kuzushi) of the same attacker.
Adding the advantage of being able to apply in effective form, some of the techniques of contrataque.
Perfomance of a defense system can to calculate it, dividing the number of blockades between the number of received attacks, and to multiply it percent, obtaining as a percentage coefficient of effectiveness, in a period of time.
The at the most cold attack, is but permissible to materialize it when better using the head; because the emotions obnubilan the mind; and a fighter with fear or wrath in the liver, has many possibilities of closing his mind, because he will fall in a state of insecurity and desperation.
The Zen indeed aid to control better the emotions, and to maintain an attitude balanced and calm for the combat.
3.1 Principles of Attack
To attack non single is to undertake, to physically attack to the adversary with the well-known techniques; to attack means to create in the opposing insecurity, ineptitude, defeat, diminution, disadvantage, discouragement; as a result of the effectiveness and forcefulness of an attack (to surprise, to unbalance, to disarm, to send); making think him about physical, tactical, strategic, mental, and emotional the superiority of its adversary; that is to say, to gain the moral to him to the opponent in seconds.
The elements of the attack are:
a) Kuzushi, Tsukuri, Kake
b) Direction
c) Continuity and sequence
d) Surprise
e) Depth
f) Moment and time
g) Distance and friction
h) Creativity and improvisation
i) Speed of reaction
j) Adaptability
k) Resistance
3.2 Classes of Attack
a) By its Distance
- close or near Contact
- average distance
b) By its frequency
- maintained, continuous Attacks
- sporadic, intermittent
c) By his intensity or it loads
- light or insufficient Attacks
- heavy or forceful Attacks
d) By its modality
- frontal attacks
- counterattacks or derivations
It is difficult to establish a main line for the type of attack strategy to follow in a combat; it makes the disposition, the atmosphere that surround, the expectations, the characteristics of the opponent, and the state of training of the fighter much psychic as to define an attack plan.
The effectiveness of an attack system can be measured dividing the number of positive attempts, between the total number of attempts, and dividing it to percent, obtaining asi a percentage coefficient of the attack yield, in a period of established time.
In a general way there are certain variables to take into account in combat, they are:
a) Characteristics of the rival
b) Integral Preparation
c) Availability of resources and abilities
d) Surroundings (arbitration, public, impact)
4.1. Factors of the Competitor These are the factors that determine the capacities and perfomances in each competitor:
a) Mental and Emotional attitude, in the balance, serenity, security, and objectivity whereupon the things are seen.
b) Physical training, high level in reflections, force, resistance, coordination, flexibility, agility, talent, speed, confidence, displacement, style.
c) Tactical instruction and Strategic, in the knowledge and skill of the techniques of the Shiai, the methodologies, the defense and the attack.
4.2. Factors that Influence in the Competition These are the factors that can affect the development of a Shiai:
a) Determination
b) Ability
c) Adaptability
d) Experience and Knowledge
e) Initiative
f) Rate
g) Ambiance and Surroundings
h) Mental Attitude
i) Control
j) Coordination
k) Reflected
l) Displacement
The variables and the factors of the competitions are many that judokas must take in consideration within their process of preparation; but a work plan would have to consider the training in all these aspects of the competitive world.
