| TERMINOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY |
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In the process of training of an athlete it is necessary to speak and to use the appropriate language for the understanding of the nomenclatures and taxonomias of the training methods, in this case, of the discipline of the Judo.
Sciences, the technologies, as the science of the sport, has and uses an own language; the sport therefore, and each sport discipline has its specific language; and simultaneously it is the base for the understanding and the understanding about the subjects relative to those sport disciplines.
And this one is a point indeed in which some imprecisiones in the meaning are observed and technical application of terminologias that is used to denominate certain phenomena or actions within the methodologic task of the training.
There are several terminologies that come using with some confusion and imprecisión, among them we found for example terms like system, technique, tactics, strategy, structure, method, procedure, process, policy, objective, put, module, model, etc.
In majorie of the cases certain words like synonymous or like idiomática phrase of substitution are used simply, because is not the appropriate term then to denominate the subject that this treating. This I have appreciated it even in trainers with great experience, particularly of soccer, in which they do not distinguish with exactitude that differences there is for example between technique, method, tactics, and strategy.
Also I have been able to oir expressions that do not distinguish with clarity categorias like a politica of a norm; a process of a procedure, or an activity of an operation; a strategic decision of a tactical decision; or more even, they confuse system with structures, or functions with tasks, or they do not distinguish the parts that a project contains, and those that contains a program, or a plan.
This fact motivated to us to write something to the respect, so that we pruned to contribute some reference in this sense to cooperate in normar a little these categories of the methodology in the work of the preparation of athletes of the Judo, and we pruned all those who somehow we have that sport bond of the Judo, to speak and to understand to us in estándarizados terms but. We will now enter to describe some of those more usual terms.
The tactics are the individual set of tools, techniques, styles, ability, and methods; whose correct knowledge and application allow an effective result in the sport manifestation, in the relation work-effectiveness.
This relation of contribution result is fundamental in the concept of perfomance, yield, conducted working hours in a determined project.
The tactics are a process that includes actions, techniques, methods, and measured that is applied to the individual preparation of the athlete for their adapted performance of their sport activity; with the purpose of developing one perfomance individual, or like part of a human group of competition.
Two forms of tactics based on the individuals exist:
a) Individual Tactics: That one talks about the ability, talent, style, individual technique, methods, and idiosincracia of the sportsman.
b) Group Tactics: Group work in areas, attitudes, capacity of adaptation, joint and coordination of the elements or individuals to the group like an expression of assembly harmonic and integrated to reach the high performance.
A technique is the structure, the means, the style, the way to execute certain work or activity; this as well involves to a component of fluidity or viability that is called method. It can also include/understand articulated movements, attitudes, gestures, steps, sequences, displacements, maneuvers, artifices, with some object or instrument, or use of the body or leaves from him.
The technique has two important components as well:
a) The Method
That it is the form, way, or mechanism to execute some certain action that entails to obtain a specificity in certain area or subject; it is also the instrument or tool, or forms through which the viabiliza technique or is made.
b) the Art, Talent, or Ability
She is the aesthetic one, beauty, style, harmony, genuinidad, individuality, personal identity that expresses each person in its acts or theform to make some task or woraesthetic one, beauty, style, harmony, genuinidad, individuality, personal identity that expresses each person in its acts or theform to make some task or work.
And that they combine with other resources, dexterities, knowledge, methods and abilities to develop certain works.
For that reason sometimes we hear to say that a person is very technician in certain sport activity, for example in Judo, one says that there is judokas very technicians and other robust ones.
In fact what it is wanted to express in that case is that they are virtuous in his art, by his special talents and abilities; they know to improvise, to create, is an own faculty of them; besides to use the correct method in waza; the desirable thing is that judoka has purity and excellence in the application of its technique, independently of the art that it has.
Tactics develop to traves of certain process of concatenated, sequential and logical action, which it is in the following way:
ACTIVITY-TECHNIQUE-METHOD-MOVEMENT-MOVEMENT ELEMENTS
An example in the case of the serious Judo is:
Activity: sport of the Judo
Classification: Katame waza, Tokui Waza
Technique: Tai otoshi
Method: Tai otoshi lateral, in angle of 90 degrees, applying kuzushi lateral.
Movement: to carry out combination previous or promises to be, to straight apply lateral Kuzushi, exerting traction on that angle.
Elements of the movement: description of the movements and direction of hands, feet, the body, the head; and the direction of the Kake.
This taxonomy of the tactics in Judo can be carried out with all the techniques of the classification of the Waza of the Judo; allowing us to a decomposition and didactic analysis of the techniques and styles.
In the process of training to develop to a suitable state and physical yield, the technique can be disturbed of the following way:
SESSION - ROUTINE - SERIES - REPETITIONS - PAUSES
For example:
Session: work of arms.
Routine: push ups for involution of biceps and triceps.
Series: three series each one of been, closed openhanded, with closed elbows; total 6 series; in normal rate.
Repetitions: 50 repetitions for each one of the 6 series add 300 plates.
Pauses: 60 seconds between each series.
In the same way, of they can prepare descriptions of sessions for each one of the parts of the body that wishes to work.
The strategy is a plan of action that contains the scheme or model, and steps that must occur, asi like the decisions, variations, improvisations, and development that must take place in a competition before an adversary, in order to maintain one perfomance economic of efforts and effective of yields.
When there is to compete is necessary to establish forms of action in terms of quality and speed of answer; with respect to the characteristics and capacities of the rival and his attack, and by virtue of the own ones also.
And that soon is materialized in the schemes and actions of the competition. The form to viabilizar or to take ahead a strategy has the following sequence:
a) To design a Plan of work for the competition
b) Put in Action that plan of work
c) To fix and feedback during the competition and later of her.
However, within the strategy plan there are certain characteristics in the rolls of Tori and Uke that are due to take in consideration to analyze themselves, such as:
a) Style battle
b) Modalities of the defense and counterattack
c) Modalities of the attack
d) Experience
e) Emotional and mental attitude
f) Enviroment and nonmanageable circumstances
The strategy is important like a derivation or conclusion of the results of process of the tactical and technical preparation in the athlete of the Judo.
To go to a prepared affluent competition, but without a scheme of strategy, is to grant advantages to the adversary and not to allow that the capacities fuyan in organized and methodical form to reach the objectives of the atletica preparation.
Autor: Néstor Figueroa
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