| HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF JUDO BUDO |
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The modernism and the necessities of the society are changing the styles of life in the social nuclei; the fashions, the technology and sciences, the power, the materialism, the wearing down of the values, the necessities of acceptance and identification, the depression, the addictions, and all the socioeconomic problems that the world faces for its survival, influence in the formation of the attitudes and forms of conduct of the people.
Through the centuries, the social problems have had the same substance or nuclei that originated them, like is the search of the power and the positions that emerge from this one.
To professor Jigoro Kano it was called on to him to live the end on that Japan, in the Meiji period, remecido by the social chaste changes of and fights of being able, of transition to the change of the modernization but maintaining his traditions old, and in which the Martial Arts had constituted a form and style to live and to survive.
He is interesting to need anteladamente that two great groups of arts, those old called styles Ko-ryu, and the modern called styles Gendai-ryu exist within the Martial Arts, in this last one is classified the Judo.
In the 1500, jujitsu was already spoken of ryu (Hisamoro) Takeuchi, says that this one is one of the oldest forms battle. Ryu or styles of each Martial Art was being increased, asi each careful disciple when reaching masters made new contributions and modifications to obtain new ryu to which it labeled with its name or Soke.
In the study of these schools not only there was the preoccupation of the improvement of the physical conditioning, also it was it of the style and the ability that the mechanical method accompanied. Asi like of the mental and moral aspect of budoka.
One also knows that by that time already there were some schools such as Kito, Kyushin, Yoshin, and Shinyo, that between their practices had forms of randori and Kata, asi like of Atemiwaza and Kansetsuwaza.
To speak of Budo is to speak of samurai in its art of fighting, surviving by the arms or without them, and of the strategy of the hand-to-hand combat. In where the winner maintained his life, the territorial and material dominion nonsingle, the recognition to its school or style, and its name and dynasty. Samurai was possessor of an ethical value and basic regulations and rules called the Bushido; therefore, samurai was a horseman and soldier model of being emulated in the life.
The Kano teacher, being of a little lucky complexion, studied the Jujutsu as Budo and the Bushido as life form, which turned it into a masterful expert of that art.
The study the Tenjinshinryu in the school of Hachinosuke Fukuda, and the Kitoryu in the one of Tsunetoshi Ihikubo. The Budo or art of war and the combat, is the modern expression of the Bujutsu, that is the form as all the arts and schools (ryu) battle before the 1868 were called.
Today in day, when we spoke of Ko-ryu, we talked about those old arts such as: Tenshin Shoden Katori Shinto-ryu, Kashima Shin-ryu, Kashima Shinto-ryu, Takeuchi-ryu, Iaijutsu, kogusoku, kusarigamajutsu, kenjutsu, Jujitsu, Iaijutsu, Bojutsu, Jojutsu, Sojutsu, Kyujutsu, Naginatajutsu, Kusarigamajutsu and other schools more, of which some continue spreading.
The other group of modern arts of the Budo or Gendai-ryu and that begin to spread as of 1868 is: the Karatedo (Goju-ryu, Shito-ryu, Kyokushinkai, Shotokan, Uechi-ryu, Shorin-ryu, Wado-ryu, etc.); kendo, Iaido (Seitei the IAI), Judo (Kodokan), the Aikido (hombu/Aikikai, Ki Society, Yoshinkan, Tomiki-ryu), the Shorinji Kempo, the Jukendo, the Jodo, Naginatado and Kyudo.
The Jigoro teacher worried besides to investigate other styles in parallel and to create a structure of Martial Art that agglutinated the most important and effective techniques of the time. Jigoro Kano was born in 1860 in Kobe and it stood out by his intelligence and prudent life dedicated to the study and pedagogy, and its facility to learn languages. Kano was formed in the university of Tokyo, and excelled being an educator in excellence.
Without a doubt some important affinities between the Martial Judo, Jujutsu, and other Arts could be found; nevertheless, Sensei Kano gives to the Judo a pedagogical frame him of special reliefs, which is maintained on three fundamental characteristics of the didático character.
The spirit of pedagogy, the forms and methods of the didactic, was the light that illuminated the work of the teacher throughout its life, he was an educational one par excellence, and impregnated and shared with their disciples this mystic in the Judo. And there are three pedagogical policies that gave frame to their theories in Judo.
a) The knowledge, study, investigation and practice of the Martial Art with bases of science and art, like essential elements to reach its development and masters.
b) a structure of ethical values of which a form must become to live, in personal satisfaction and on watch for the others, and that of course form part of the Bushido or philosophy of the Judo.
c) the preoccupation by a methodology of the physical culture, like element of the education of the body and the health, without which the art and science of the Judo would not have support for its improvement and expansion like sport discipline.
These are the expositions of one pedagogy of the Judo without which the Judo that practices would not reach maturity and perfection; and that indeed, is the style of the modern Judo, is lame of the other two elements, because the development of the physical aspect of the discipline has been only focused, specially like priority factor of the competition.
The Kano teacher founded on 1882 his school of Judo Kodokan in the Temple of Eishoji in Shitaya Kita-Inari-Cho, in Tokyo, in a small equipped atmosphere to locate tatamis of 2x1 TM, doing approx 24 square meters. There would surely be the beginning of the Kodokan Judo with the teacher Kano, their remarkable students like Shiro Saigo, Tsunejiro Tomita, Yoshitsugu Yamashita, Sakujiro Yokoyama.
It counts the history that in 1886 the metropolitan police of Tokyo was selecting ryu so that their officials were taught and trained. This way it made adjustments to invite to a combat to the two important schools of the moment, Judo Kodokan and Tosuka Jujitsu. The result was as it follows: Kodokan won 13 battles and obtained two ties, of the fifteen programmed.
This it would be the departure point for the recognition and future expansion of the Judo in the world-wide scope. The Kodokan went growing to 107 tatamis in 1893; soon to 207 in 1906; and to 510 tatamis in 1934. Changing from a place to another one until in 1984 it constructed his new international seat.
The Judo has expanded remarkably, its practical one is organized in Federations of nations and continental Unions, that agglutinate in one conformed Federation the International of Judo that groups 176 nations of the 5 continents.
To the present, the Judo has been constituted in an Olympic sport, with world-wide championships of both sexes, Olympic championships, regional matches; and although the philosophy of the modern Judo has varied in something, since his spirit of discipline is essentially competitive, being different themselves from the traditional concept, and losing perhaps its artistic quality, and his philosophy; situation that not outside desire nor vision of Kano.
Nevertheless, one did not refuse that in spite of it, the Judo raises a great world-wide interest, and their followers are growing day to day.
Next, and with the preoccupation of not leaving of side the essences of the Judo, we are going to name and to comment the five elements of the philosophy of the Judo, that is the form as it would have to as much teach in the clubs and schools for competitive aims as for recreational intentions also.
Unlike which many create, the Judo is not a robust sport, rather the robust men return it robust; because they use the force like only means to demolish their opponents, in reason of lacking fine abilities.
The Judo on the contrary, is the art of the smoothness, the science of the imbalance, the technique to use the enemy's force (opposing force) to turn it into the weapon of the imbalance and the consequent knock-down of the opposite.
The force does not have to replace the ability, rather being important the force, this one must have a smaller percentage of participation in the application of the technique, when applying an intelligent and controlled force.
The mechanics and the art of the Judo are based on applying the smaller effort possible to reach the Maxima performance, and that is only obtained using the suitable method, with the ability and the indispensable talent.
The practice of the Judo must bring joy and satisfaction, the interaction with the companions, the study and the investigation of forms, the collaboration and the mutual development.
The relation of the students with the professors, the pursuit of the label and the traditions, gives a frame of satisfaction to the medical instructors of this beautiful Budo. The Judo had to be constituted actually of an effective art with mutual satisfactions.
If anybody this feeling in the certain Dojo incommodity or some fear, something is not possibly walking well and it had to be reviewed and to be solved. Because to the Dojo one is going away to recreate, to release the voltages, but with approval of which this taking advantage of in the personal progress and the one the others.
The problem of the competitions is indeed the anxiety that it generates, and sometimes the frustration that it causes to be put under by long periods full training of challenges and demands that do not reach the awaited goals.
The Judo was not created to create and to accumulate voltages, but rather to free themselves of them and to find balance and integral harmony in the relation body, mind and spirit.
The Judo has certain formalities and you protocol in its practice, and that comes from traditions and wise people lessons of a town that has known to make of the values the nucleus of its existence.
The customs in Judo are based on the mutual respect, simplicity, the deference, the service, and the courtesy in the sport relations academic.
The Bushido is that ethical structure that promotes and teaches those values like honesty, patience, perseverance, respect, politeness, civics, automatic control; which constitutes the moral character of the student of the Judo.
This ethical body is the one that judoka not only takes to the practice in the Dojo and in front of to its companions and teachers, if not also in the course of its daily life, with its family and other people who surround to him.
Healthy mind in healthy body says the old aphorism, for the Judo would not be the east exception wise principle; since the Judo is a harmonious system of physical culture, the preliminary works of Taiso or Jubi Undo asi let it understand before beginning each session of training.
The mind and the body work interactively, in tune; for that reason, to cultivate the body also is to cultivate the mind; in discipline, in reflections and reactions, positive attitudes, correct decisions, and prudent a free will.
Body and mind work together in the spiritual health and of the emotions, in the unit of the physical and mental harmony. It is not enough to stimulate and to reach goals in speed, force, resistance, agility, flexibility, and a good vascular condition cardio.
Also an oxygenated, positive, fast mind is necessary, needs, open and disciplined; perseverant in addition, dynamic, organized, perfected, generous, humble and loving a spirit of the natural thing; and a mature control of the emotions that allow to act with suitable temperament and character.
In the pedagogical concept of the Kano teacher, the health is showed like an integral and harmonic expression, and that duality is obtained through the effective practice of a methodical physical culture.
The Judo has much of that not-excluding binomial of the human knowledge, as they are the art and science; and asi we will study more ahead in our disquisitions on physical mechanics and its extraordinary relation with waza.
The Judo in addition has an own language, the same one that is spoken and understood throughout the world; pride in addition for Japan in the diffusion and knowledge to its language.
To speak of Judo is to speak in language of Judo, is not understood otherwise; in the classifications of his wazas and katas, the used equipment and accessories, in the rules.
The language of the Judo is present there like in any other of the terminologies of the humanistic and scientific disciplines.
The Judo has a beautiful plasticity, harmony in its movements, and sobriety in its displacements; so that the ability and the talent surpass the use of the force; the fine Judo and quality has that internal temperament of beauty and artistic expression.
In the Judo a linguistic ordering exists, and like in other disciplines of the human knowledge, there are a methodology and a systematic joint in the unfolding of his technical parts and ranks that come to constitute the processes of the Judo.
It has in addition, a body structured and interactive of language, methodology, systematization and taxonomy, to which we called structure of the Judo; making of the Judo a body ordered and systematized of Budo and sport discipline with artistic and cientific essences.
